Abernathy, Robert,
--World of the Drone, #38, January, 1955. (novel)
Anderson, Poul, (1926-2001)
--World of the Mad, #3, February, 1951. (novelette)
Annas, Hal,
--The Ultimate Quest, #2, December, 1950.
--Maid - To Order! #3, February, 1951.
--The Longsnozzle Event, #4, April, 1951.
--No Sons Left to Die! #22, September, 1953. (novelette)
--Man-Trap, #25, December, 1953.
Archer, Jules,
--The Mistake of Christopher Columbus, #6, September, 1951.
Archette, Guy, (Chester S. Geier)
--Meet Me in Tomorrow, #2, December, 1950.
Arkawy, Norman,
--Selling Point, #46, December, 1955.
Ashby, Richard,
--Master Race, #6, September, 1951.
Banks, Raymond E.,
--Ticket to the Stars, #27, February, 1954.
--Disaster Committee, #39, February, 1955. (novelette)
Beaumont, Charles,
--Elegy, #16, February, 1953. *
--The Man Who Made Himself, #53, February, 1957 .* (novelette)
Bender, William, Jr.,
--The Incredible Aliens, #32, July, 1954.
Beynon, John,
--Technical Slip, #2, December, 1950.
Biggle, Lloyd, Jr.,
--Morgan's Lucky Planet, #60, April, 1958.
Bixby, Jerome,
--The Battle of the Bells, #34, September, 1954.
Blade, Alexander, (pseudonym)
--Zero Hour, #48, April, 1956.
--Battle for the Stars, #49, June, 1956. (novel) (?)
--The Man with the Golden Eyes, #50, August, 1956. (novelette) (?)
--The Alien Dies at Dawn, #52, December, 1956. (Randall Garrett and Robert Silverberg)
--The Sinister Invasion, #55, June, 1957. (novel) (?)
--The Ambassador's Pet, #57, October, 1957. (Randall Garrett and Robert Silverberg)
--The Cosmic Looters, #59, February, 1958. (novel) (?)
--Come into My Brain, #61, June, 1958. (?)
--also see Garrett, Randall
--also see Silverberg, Robert
Blish, James,
--The Void Is My Coffin, #5, June, 1951.
Bloch, Robert,
--The Hungry House, #4, April, 1951. (novelette)
--Hell's Angel, #5, June, 1951. (short novel)
--Comfort Me, My Robot, #38, January, 1955.
Bott, Henry,
--Rocket Motors, #61, June, 1958. (article)
--Next Stop the Moon, #62, August, 1958. (article)
--What We Will Find on Venus, #63, October, 1958. (article)
Bradbury, Ray,
--"In This Sign ...," #4, April, 1951.
Bukstein, I. M.,
--"Hey Ma, Where'Ős Willie?" #13, October, 1952. (short short)
Burke, Ralph, (Randall Garrett and Robert Silverberg)
--The Incomplete Theft, #53, February, 1957.
--also see Garrett, Randall
--also see Silverberg, Robert
Byrne, S. J.,
--Children of the Chronotron, #14, December, 1952. (novel)
--Beware the Star Child, #31, June, 1954.
Castle, Arnold,
--The Invisible Enemy, #35, October, 1954.
Chandler, A. Bertram,
--Doom Satellite, #18, May, 1953.
--Moonfall, #42, May, 1955.
--The Hostile Survivors, #56, August, 1957.
--Flypaper Planet, #60, April, 1958. (novelette)
Christopher, John,
--Rocket to Freedom, #27, February, 1954.
Cogswell, Theodore R.,
--Emergency Rations, #22, September, 1953. (short short)
--Training Device, #40, March, 1955.
--No Gun to the Victor, #45, October, 1955.
Coppel, Alfred,
--The Invader, #16, February, 1953.
Cox, Irving, Jr.,
--Adolescents Only, #15, January, 1953. (novelette)
--Export Commodity, #44, July, 1955.
--The Pioneer, #45, October, 1955. (novelette)
Crosby, Harry C., (aka Christopher Anvil)
--Cinderella, Inc., #14, December, 1952. (short short)
--Roll Out the Rolov! #24, November, 1953.
Croutch, Leslie A.,
--Playmate, #7, November, 1951.
Curtis, Betsy,
--The Old Ones, #2, December, 1950. (novelette)
Daniels, Louis G.,
--... Do Us Part, #17, April, 1953.
--Supermen Need Superwives! #33, August, 1954.
Davis, John Massie,
--Combatman, #23, October, 1953.
--Leave, Earthmen - Or Die! #26, January, 1954.
de Camp, L. Sprague,
--The Owl and the Ape, #7, November, 1951.
Dee, Roger,
--The Frogs of Mars, #29, April, 1954.
DeVet, Charles V.,
--There Is a Reaper, #21, August, 1953.
Dick, Philip K., (1928-1982)
--Mr. Spaceship, #15, January, 1953. (novelette)
--Piper in the Woods, #16, February, 1953.
--Paycheck, #19, June, 1953. (novelette)
--The Cosmic Poachers, #20, July, 1953.
--The Impossible Planet, #23, October, 1953.
--Project: Earth, #25, December, 1953. (novelette)
--The Crawlers, #32, July, 1954.
--Strange Eden, #37, December, 1954.
--The Hood Maker, #43, June, 1955.
--The Chromium Fence, #44, July, 1955.
--To Serve the Master, #47, February, 1956. *
Dickson, Gordon R., (1923-2001)
--The Stranger, #10, May, 1952.
--Time Grabber, #14, December, 1952.
--The Underground, #46, December, 1955. (novelette)
Donnelson, Allyn,
--Welcome to Paradise, #34, September, 1954.
Dunham, Jerry,
--Moonlight and Robots, #42, May, 1955.
Dryfoos, Dave,
--Preferred Position, #17, April, 1953. (short short)
Ellanby, Boyd,
--The Star Lord, #19, June, 1953. (novel)
Ellison, Harlan,
--Glug, #62, August, 1958. *
--The Assassin, #63, October, 1958. * (novel)
Fairman, Paul W.,
--Secret of the Martians, #47, February, 1956. (novel)
--The Beasts in the Void, #48, April, 1956. (novelette)
--Dalrymple's Equation, #49, June, 1956.
--Traitor's Choice, #50, August, 1956.
Freeman, Frank,
--Stellar Vengeance, #39, February, 1955. (short short)
Fritch, Charles E.,
--Once Upon a Monbeast ..., #9, March, 1952.
--Danger in the Void, #33, August, 1954.
Furth, Carlton,
--We're Off to Mars! #6, September, 1951.
Galouye, Daniel F.,
--Rebirth, #9, March, 1952. (novelette) (author's first publication)
--Tonight the Sky Will Fall, #10, May, 1952. (novel)
--The Reluctant Hero, #11, July, 1952.
--The Dangerous Doll, #12, September, 1952.
--The Levitant, #14, December, 1952. (novelette)
--Spillthrough, #15, January, 1953. (novelette)
--Second Wind, #17, April, 1953. (novelette)
--The Fist of Shiva, #18, May, 1953. (novel)
--Effie, #19, June, 1953.
--So Says the Master, #23, October, 1953. * (novelette)
--Blessed Are the Meekbots, #25, December, 1953. *
--Disposal Unit, #28, March, 1954.
--Secret of the Immortals, #29, April, 1954. (novel)
--Cosmic Santa Claus, #30, May, 1954.
--... The World Is But a Stage, #31, June, 1954.
--Phantom World, #33, August, 1954. (novel)
--Immortality, Inc., #34, September, 1954. (novelette)
--Deadline Sunday, #45, October, 1955. (novelette)
--The Day the Sun Died, #46, December, 1955. (novel)
Garrett, Randall, (1927-1987)
--The Inquisitor, #52, December, 1956.
--The Time Snatcher, #53, February, 1957.
--Guardians of the Tower, #54, April, 1957.
--Six Frightened Men, #55, June, 1957.
--Skid Row Pilot, #56, August, 1957.
--The Mannion Court-Martial, #57, October, 1957.
--Satellite of Death, #58, December, 1957.
--Prisoner of War, #61, June, 1958.
--also see Blade, Alexander
--also see Burke, Ralph
--also see Jorgenson, Ivar
--also see Randall, Robert
--also see Tenneshaw, S. M.
Gault, William Campbell,
--I'll See You in My Dreams, #6, September, 1951. (novelette)
Geier, Chester S.,
--The Soul Stealers, #1, October, 1950. (novelette)
--Run, Little Monster, #8, January, 1952. (novelette)
--also see Archette, Guy
Gilbert, Robert E.,
--Stopover Planet, #21, August, 1953.
Granger, Darius John, (Milton Lesser/Stephen Marlowe)
--Stop, You're Killing Me! #47, February, 1956.
--We Run from the Hunted! #50, August, 1956.
--Centauri Vengeance, #51, October, 1956.
--The Thing in the Truck, #52, December, 1956.
Guttridge, Len,
--Reception Committee, #31, June, 1954.
--The Day They Came, #35, October, 1954.
Hamilton, Edmond,
--The Legion of Lazarus, #48, April, 1956. (novel)
--Citadel of the Star Lords, #51, October, 1956. (novel)
--Fugitive of the Stars, #58, December, 1957. (novel)
--Corridor of the Suns, #60, April, 1958. (novel)
Hamm, T. D.,
--Native Son, #20, July, 1953.
Hardy, William,
--Pioneer, #16, February, 1953. (short short)
Harris, Tom W.,
--Flight into the Unknown, #56, August, 1957.
--Barnstormer, #57, October, 1957.
--The Fall of Archy House, #58, December, 1957.
--Get Out of My Body! #59, February, 1958.
--Goodbye, Dead Man! #60, April, 1958.
--You'll Like It on Mars! #62, August, 1958.
Haseltine, Robert W.,
--Prelude to Space, #30, May, 1954.
Hawkins, Willard,
--Look to the Stars, #1, October, 1950. (novel)
Heinlein, Robert A., (1907-1988)
--Sky Lift, #24, November, 1953. *
Henderson, Zenna,
--The Dark Came Out to Play ..., #10, May, 1952.
--The Grunder, #19, June, 1953.
--The Substitute, #21, August, 1953. *
Hershman, Morris,
--Spacemen Never Die! #21, August, 1953.
Holden, Fox B.,
--The Builders, #3, February, 1951.
--Yachting Party, #8, January, 1952.
--Hideout, #10, May, 1952.
--The Time Armada (Part 1), #23, October, 1953.
--The Time Armada (Conclusion), #24, November, 1953.
--Earthmen Ask No Quarter! #25, December, 1953.
Hunter, Evan,
--First Captive, #25, December, 1953. (novelette)
--The Plagiarist from Rigel IV, #28, March, 1954.
--The Miracle of Dan O'Shaughnessy, #37, December, 1954.
Jacobi, Carl,
--The Dangerous Scarecrow, #33, August, 1954.
Jakes, John W.,
--The Most Horrible Story, #8, January, 1952. *
--Space Opera, #9, March, 1952.
--Skin Game, #13, October, 1952.
--Earth Can Be Fun, #18, May, 1953.
Jorgensen, Ivar, (pseudonym)
--Meeting at the Summit, #47, February, 1956. (?)
--Mystery at Mesa Flat, #49, June, 1956. (?)
--Day of the Comet, #51, October, 1956. (?)
--Bleekman's Planet, #53, February, 1957. (Randall Garrett and Robert Silverberg)
--Slaughter on Dornel IV, #54, April, 1957. (Randall Garrett and Robert Silverberg)
--Never Trust a Thief! #59, February, 1958. (Robert Silverberg)
--also see Garrett, Randall
--also see Silverberg, Robert
Keene, Day,
--"What So Proudly We Hail...," #2, December, 1950.
Knight, Damon, (1922-2002)
--It Kud Habben Tu Yu! #12, September, 1952.
--The Beachcomber, #14, December, 1952.
Lang, Allen K.,
--An Eel by the Tail, #4, April, 1951.
Lesser, Milton, (aka Stephen Marlowe)
--It's Raining Frogs! #2, December, 1950. (novelette)
--The Old Way, #7, November, 1951. (novelette)
--Ride the Crepe Ring, #9, March, 1952.
--Earthsmith, #15, January, 1953. (novelette)
--Voyage to Eternity, #20, July, 1953. (novel)
--World without Glamor, #23, October, 1953.
--Tyrants of Time, #28, March, 1954. (novel)
--Pariah, #29, April, 1954.
--Slaves to the Metal Horde, #31, June, 1954. (novel)
--Revolt of the Outworlds, #37, December, 1954. (novel)
--The Dictator, #38, January, 1955.
--No-Risk Planet, #40, March, 1955. (novelette)
--Newshound, #44, July, 1955. (short novel)
--The Cosmic Snare, #47, February, 1956.
--The Graveyard of Space, #48, April, 1956.
Lewis, Richard O.,
--Hold Onto Your Body! #23, October, 1953.
--Earthmen Die Hard! #31, June, 1954.
Locke, Robert Donald,
--Deepfreeze, #15, January, 1953. (novelette)
--Milk Run, #18, May, 1953.
Loomis, Noel,
--The Mischievous Typesetter, #11, July, 1952.
Ludwig, Edward W.,
--Inheritance, #1, October, 1950.
--The AAB, #39, February, 1955.
Maddock, Larry,
--The Disembodied Man, #29, April, 1954.
Magruder, Richard,
--And All the Girls Were Nude, #37, December, 1954.
Maples, Richard,
--The Frightful Ones, #36, November, 1954.
Marks, Winston,
--John's Other Practice, #32, July, 1954.
--The Incredible Life-Form, #35, October, 1954.
--Eight Million Dollars from Mars! #36, November, 1954.
--The Vegans Were Curious, #37, December, 1954.
--Brown John's Body, #38, January, 1955.
--Never Gut-Shoot a Wumpus, #39, February, 1955. (novelette)
--The Mind Digger, #60, April, 1958. (novelette)
Marlowe, Stephen, (aka Milton Lesser)
--Es Percipi, #45, October, 1955. (novel)
Marmor, Arnold,
--Spies Die Hard! #30, May, 1954.
--The Scandalized Martians, #31, June, 1954.
--Birthday Present, #32, July, 1954.
--Marty the Martian, #33, August, 1954.
--Fish-Fry, #37, December, 1954. (short short)
--Not in the Script, #46, December, 1955.
Matheson, Richard,
--" Drink My Red Blood ...," #4, April, 1951.
--Letter to the Editor, #8, January, 1952.
--The Man Who Made the World, #27, February, 1954. (short short)
McClellan, William J.,
--Earth's Gone to the Dogs! #35, October, 1954. (short short)
McConnell, James V.,
--Hunting License, #41, April, 1955. (novelette)
McGreevey, John,
--The Brave Walk Alone, #2, December, 1950.
--Perfect Companion, #5, June, 1951.
--The Prophetic Camera, #21, August, 1953. *
Morehart, Malcolm B., Jr.,
--Restricted Tool, #15, January, 1953.
--The Fugitives, #22, September, 1953.
Morrison, William,
--Messenger, #32, July, 1954.
Mullen, Stanley,
--The Voyage of Vanishing Men, #41, April, 1955. (novelette)
Myers, Charles F.,
--The Vengeance of Toffee, #3, February, 1951. (short novel)
--Double Identity, #5, June, 1951. (novelette)
--No Time for Toffee! #11, July, 1952. (novel)
--Blessed Event, #27, February, 1954. (novelette)
--The Laughter of Toffee, #35, October, 1954. (novel)
Nelson, Richard H.,
--Patrol, #13, October, 1952.
Neville, Kris,
--Wind in Her Hair, #1, October, 1950.
--Hold Back Tomorrow, #6, September, 1951.
--Special Delivery, #8, January, 1952. (novel) *
--The Toy, #14, December, 1952.
--Earth Alert! #16, February, 1953. (novel)
--Peril of the Starmen, #26, January, 1954. (novel)
--Special Delivery, #62, August, 1958. (novel) (reprint)
Noll, Ray C.,
--Flight Perilous! #42, May, 1955. (novelette)
Nourse, Alan E.,
--Wanderlust, #13, October, 1952.
--Heir Apparent, #23, October, 1953.
--The Fifty-Fourth of July, #28, March, 1954. (novelette)
--Journey for the Brave, #29, April, 1954.
Nydahl, Joel,
--Lesson for Today, #18, May, 1953.
Oberfield, William,
--They Reached for the Moon, #7, November, 1951.
Oliver, J. T.,
--Killer, #9, March, 1952.
Parker, Lewis,
--The Animated Pinup, #20, July, 1953.
Petaja, Emil,
--The Answer, #6, September, 1951.
--"This World Is Our!" #11, July, 1952.
Phillips, Rog,
--One for the Robot - Two for the Same, #1, October, 1950. (novelette)
--Destiny Uncertain, #10, May, 1952. (novelette)
--The Lost Ego, #17, April, 1953. (novelette)
--The Cyberene, #22, September, 1953. (novel)
--The Cosmic Junkman, #25, December, 1953. (novel)
--Repeat Performance, #26, January, 1954. (novelette)
Pohl, Frederik,
--Everybody's Happy But Me! #47, February, 1956.
Purcell, Dick,
--Mr. Chipfellow's Jackpot, #48, April, 1956.
--Gunnison's Bonanza, #49, June, 1956.
--"Next Stop, Nowhere!" #50, August, 1956.
--John Harper's Insight, #51, October, 1956.
Ramm, Alan J.,
--Test Problem, #24, November, 1953.
--Trouble Near the Sun, #36, November, 1954.
--Death Walks on Mars, #59, February, 1958.
Randall, Robert, (Randall Garrett and Robert Silverberg)
--Hero from Yesterday, #58, December, 1957.
--Menace from Vega, #61, June, 1958.
--also see Garrett, Randall
--also see Silverberg, Robert
Reinsberg, Mark,
--Complete or Die! #53, February, 1957. (novel)
--The Three Thieves of Japetus, #55, June, 1957.
--Ther Viscious Delinquents, #63, October, 1958. (novelette)
Reynolds, Mack, (Dallas McCord Reynolds)
--Tourists to Terra, #2, December, 1950.
--Not in the Rules, #4, April, 1951.
--The Martians and the Coys, #5, June, 1951. *
--The Cosmic Bluff, #13, October, 1952. (novelette)
--Dogfight, #20, July, 1953.
--A Zloor for Your Trouble! #26, January, 1954.
--The Long Way Home, #40, March, 1955.
--Albatross, #41, April, 1955. *
--Space Gamble, #44, July, 1955.
Rice, R. J.,
--The Miserly Robot, #63, October, 1958.
Richards, Frank,
--Rub-a-dub-dub, #19, June, 1953. (short short)
Robinson, Frank M.,
--Beyond the Ultra-Violet, #5, June, 1951.
--Guaranteed Forever! #24, November, 1953.
--Cosmic Saboteur, #39, February, 1955. (novel)
--You Don't Walk Alone, #40, March, 1955.
--Wanted: One Sane Man, #43, June, 1955. (novelette)
Rocklynne, Ross,
--Revolt of the Devil Star, #3, February, 1951. (novelette)
--X Marks the Asteroid, #26, January, 1954. (novelette)
Russel, Eric Frank,
--Afternoon of a Fahn, #4, April, 1951.
Russell, Ray,
--The Pleasure Was Ours, #42, May, 1955.
Sackett, Sam J.,
--The Missing Disclaimer, #36, November, 1954.
--The Last Plunge, #45, October, 1955.
Savage, Arthur Dekker,
--Survivors, #10, May, 1952. (short short)
Scholnick, Myron I.,
--To Sup with the Devil, #26, January, 1954. (short short)
Searls, Hank,
--Martyr's Flight, #46, December, 1955.
Sellings, Arthur,
--The Cautious Invaders, #35, October, 1954.
Shaara, Michel,
--The Sling and the Stone, #28, March, 1954.
Shaver, Richard S.,
--The Dark Goddess, #16, February, 1953.
--Paradise Planet, #17, April, 1953.
Sheckley, Robert,
--Final Examination, #10, May, 1952.
--Writing Class, #14, December, 1952. (short short)
--Off-Limits Planet, #30, May, 1954.
Silverberg, Robert,
--The Martian, #43, June, 1955.
--Lair of the Dragonbird, #52, December, 1956.
--Outcast of the Stars, #53, February, 1957.
--Harwood's Vortex, #54, April, 1957.
--Woman's World, #55, June, 1957.
--Reality Unlimited, #56, August, 1957.
--Overlord of Colony Eight, #57, October, 1957.
--Rescue Mission, #58, December, 1957.
--A Madman on Board, #59, February, 1958.
--Voyage to Procyon, #61, June, 1958.
--Homecoming Horde, #62, August, 1958.
--also see Blade, Alexander
--also see Burke, Ralph
--also see Jorgenson, Ivar
--also see Randall, Robert
--also see Tennshaw, S. M.
Slotkin, Joseph,
--The Queen of Space, #33, August, 1954.
Smith, G. O.,
--Highways in Hiding (Part 1), #40, March, 1955.
--Highways in Hiding (Part 2), #41, April, 1955.
--Highways in Hiding (Part 3), #42, May, 1955.
--Highways in Hiding (Conclusion), #43, June, 1955.
Sohl, Jerry,
--The Hand, #38, January, 1955.
Springer, Sherwood,
--Alias a Woo-Woo, #8, January, 1952. *
--Love That Woo-Woo! #22, September, 1953. (novelette)
--Greetings from Earth! #27, February, 1954.
St. Clair, Margaret,
--Follow the Weeds, #5, June, 1951.
--Return Engagement, #8, January, 1952.
Sternbach, Richard A.,
--Jabberwock, Beware! #22, September, 1953.
Stone, Lowell,
--A Soldier's Home Is Battle, #28, March, 1954.
St. Reynard, Geoff, (Robert W. Krepps)
--Beyond the Fearful Forest, #4, April, 1951. (short novel)
--Beware, the Usurpers! #7, November, 1951. (novel)
--Tomorrow the World! #12, September, 1952. (novelette)
--Armageddon, 1970, #13, October, 1952. (novel)
--The Enchanted Crusade, #17, April, 1953. (novel)
--The Buttoned Sky, #21, August, 1953. (novel)
--The Giants from Outer Space, #30, May, 1954. (novel)
--Vengeance from the Past, #34, September, 1954. (novel)
--Don't Panic! #36, November, 1954. * (novel)
Sturgeon, Theodore,
--Shadow, Shadow, on the Wall, #3, February, 1951.
Sturgis, Melvin,
--The Gift, #7, November, 1951.
Swain, Dwight V.,
--Cry Chaos! #6, September, 1951. (novel)
--Dark Destiny, #9, March, 1952. (novel)
--So Many Worlds Away ..., #11, July, 1952. (novelette)
--The Weapon from Eternity, #12, September, 1952. (novel)
--Planet of Dread, #27, February, 1954. (novel)
--Terror Out of Space, #32, July, 1954. (novel)
--Bring Back My Brain! #54, April, 1957. (novel)
--Battle Out of Time, #56, August, 1957. (novel)
--You Can't Buy Eternity! #57, October, 1957. (novel)
Temple, William F.,
--The Lonely, #44, July, 1955.
Tenneshaw, S. M., (pseudonym)
--Let Space Be Your Coffin, #36, November, 1954. (novelette) (?)
--The Obedient Servant, #49, June, 1956. (?)
--Trouble on the Sun-Side, #51, October, 1956. (?)
--Last Call for Doomsday! #52, December, 1956. (novel) (?)
--The Old Man, #54, April, 1957. (Robert Silverberg)
--Kill Me If You Can, #55, June, 1957. (?)
--House Operator, #58, December, 1957. (Randall Garrett and Robert Silverberg)
--The Friendly Killers, #61, June, 1958. (novel) (?)
--also see Garrett, Randall
--also see Silverberg, Robert
Thames, C. H., (Milton Lesser/Stephen Marlowe)
--Prison of a Billion Years, #48, April, 1956.
--Planet of Doom, #49, June, 1956. (novelette)
--Forever We Die! #50, August, 1956. (novel)
--World of the Hunter, #51, October, 1956.
--Revolt of the Brains, #52, December, 1956.
--Miss Impossible, #63, October, 1958.
--also see Lesser, Milton
Venable, Bill,
--Theft, #12, September, 1952.
Vine, William,
--Death Sentence, #19, June, 1953.
Wallace, F. L.,
--The Music Master, #24, November, 1953. (novelette)
Walton, Bryce,
--The Barrier, #3, February, 1951.
Warner, Harry, Jr.,
--Cancer World, #30, May, 1954.
Wellen, Edward,
--The Big Cheese, #18, May, 1953.
Williams, Robert Moore,
--Secret of the Painting, #54, April, 1957. (novelette)
--John Holder's Weapon, #57, October, 1957. *
Winterbotham, Russ,
--The Minus Woman, #20, July, 1953.
--Three Spacemen Left to Die! #34, September, 1954.
--A Matter of Ethics, #41, April, 1955.
--Problem Planet, #43, June, 1955.